This chapter provides an overview of the economic importance of mungbean globally and the status of mungbean improvement research. The global mungbean area is about 7.3 million ha, and the average yield is 721 kg/ha. India and Myanmar each account for 30% of global output of 5.3 million t. Other large producers are China, Indonesia, Thailand, Kenya, and Tanzania. The mungbean market is divided in four main segments by usage: dry grains (important in South Asia and Kenya), sprouts (important in East and Southeast Asia), transparent noodles/starch (important in East and Southeast Asia), and paste (important in East Asia). Mungbean research is under-resourced in most countries as it is considered a minor crop. There is a history of strong international collaboration in mungbean improvement research in Asia, which is particularly important for a minor crop like mungbean as no single country has the capacity to cover all aspects requiring research. The International Mungbean Improvement Network was established in 2016 to further this collaboration and is coordinated by the World Vegetable Center.