The chapter provides an overview of the importance of fruit and vegetable regarding food and nutrition security. It looks at the global consumption and production data and discusses their influencing factors. Selected examples of food-based approaches including fruit tree portfolios – addressing seasonal availability of fresh fruits, home gardens, food diversity and the potential of indigenous and wild species to improve nutrition and health are presented. In the concluding remarks challenges and opportunities for mainstreaming a diversity of fruits and vegetables into production and consumption systems are discussed.