Given the rapid pace of development in Southeast Asia, there are great environmental and climate change concerns associated with the unsustainable intensification of agri-food systems. Agroecology offers a holistic pathway to achieving resilient, equitable and nourishing food systems by addressing the gap between food production, ecosystem sustainability and social equity. However, there are large knowledge gaps on which and how agroecological approaches can be adopted to achieve positive impacts in rapidly evolving contexts in Southeast Asia. Governments and stakeholders need guidance on how agroecology can be integrated into programs, policies and initiatives, contributing to the food system transformation. In this context, the World Vegetable Center (WorldVeg) conducted a scoping study to identify research gaps and development priorities for agroecological transition to climate-resilient and nourishing food systems in Southeast Asia.