台灣南部長豇豆園內薊馬類 (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) 的取樣計畫 Sampling plan for thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on yardlong bean in Southern Taiwan

台灣南部長豇豆園內薊馬類 (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) 的取樣計畫 Sampling plan for thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on yardlong bean in Southern Taiwan

2021

A:PS

長豇豆（Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis, yardlong bean）為台灣重要的豆科蔬菜之一，薊馬類（Thysanoptera: Thripidae）是長豇豆的主要害蟲。為決定何時噴施農藥，因此需建立長豇豆園內薊馬類的取樣計畫，以掌握施藥防治薊馬的時機。本研究調查台灣南部長豇豆園中長豇豆花朵內的薊馬種類為豆花薊馬﹝Megalurothrips usitatus （Bagnall）﹞與台灣花薊馬﹝Frankliniella intonsa（Trybom）﹞。在美濃地區以豆花薊馬為優勢種，而在里港地區則是以台灣花薊馬為優勢種。測試長豇豆田區內薊馬類的顏色偏好，結果顯示，薊馬偏好藍色黏板，其次是黃色黏板。評估藍色黏板與黃色黏板的誘捕效能，藍色黏板所誘得的蟲數明顯多於黃色黏板，因此藍色黏板可做為長豇豆園內薊馬類的監測工具。以Taylor's power law分析6處長豇豆園內以黏板所誘集的薊馬成蟲數量，黏板上薊馬類在長豇豆園的空間分布屬於聚集型。估算6處長豇豆園內在薊馬管理時所需要的黏板數量，在符合蟲害管理需求下，若以每週每張黏板誘得30隻薊馬作為防治時機，6處長豇豆園僅需懸掛藍色黏板為4－10張即具有可信度。綜合而言，長豇豆園內薊馬類取樣計畫以藍色黏板作為工具，能夠監測薊馬的早期入侵，並且掌握施用化學農藥防治薊馬的時機。
Yardlong bean (Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis) is one of the important legume vegetables in Taiwan. Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is a group of the major pests of yardlong bean. To decide the best timing to use pesticides, it is necessary to establish a sampling plan for thrips in the yardlong bean farm and to gain an insight into the timing of pesticide application for controlling thrips. In this study, two thrips, Megalothrips usitatus (Bagnall) and Frankliniella intonsa (Trybom), were investigated in yardlong bean flowers in the farms in southern Taiwan. M. usitatus is the dominant species at Meinong, Kaohsiung City, whereas F. intonsa is the dominant species at Ligang, Pingtung County. Color preference for thrips in the yardlong bean farm was tested. The results showed that thrips preferred blue sticky traps, followed by yellow sticky traps. Comparing the attractive effectiveness of blue sticky traps and yellow sticky traps, the number of thrips attracted by blue sticky traps was significantly higher than those of yellow sticky traps. Therefore, blue sticky traps are better monitoring tools used for thrips in the yardlong bean farms. Taylor's power law was used to analyze the number of thrips trapped by sticky traps in 6 yardlong bean farms. The spatial distribution of thrips on the sticky traps in the yardlong bean farm was clumped. It was estimated by how many sticky traps are required for thrips management in 6 yardlong bean farms. In pest management, if 30 thrips are lured per sticky tarp per week as the timing of control, only 4-10 blue sticky traps are needed in each of these 6 farms of yardlong bean. In conclusion, the sampling plan for thrips on yardlong bean is recommended to use the blue sticky traps as a tool to monitor the early invasion of thrips. The results also provide better understanding of the best timing on chemical pesticide application to control thrips.

70(3):217-229, 台灣農業研究 (JOURNAL OF TAIWAN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH)

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