New pests of greenhouse crops and possible methods of control

1975

REP.G1583

In 1971-1972, peppers [Capsicum] were attacked in greenhouses at Petrich and P" rvomai, Bulgaria, by larvae of the Pyralid Udea ferrugalis (Hb.) and in the following year this species was found in the Plovdiv district attacking peppers and cucurbits. The female lays an average of 131 eggs, singly or in groups, on the lower surface of the leaf the egg stage lasts 6-12 days. There are five larval instars, which together last 27-35 days. the full-fed larva pupates under a folded portion of leaf secured with silk and the pupal stage lasts 9-16 days. Development is continuous throughout the year and there are 7-8 generations.Peridroma saucia Hb. was also found in greenhouses in Petrich in 1972. This moth developslops throughout the year and is reported to have 3-4 generations. The larvae are nocturnal feeders attack both the leaves and fruits of peppers. They pupate in soil litter. In 1973, the Cicadellid Emposasca decipiens Paoli was found in greenhouses and in the field on peppers, tomato, potato, spinach, thorn-apple (Datura stramonium), Gomphrena and maize. In autumn and winter, adults live for up to 140 days, but in spring and summer they die after 8-10 days. The female lays 1-36 eggs, which are placed single on the main rib or secondary veins of the leaf. There are 5 nymphal stages together they last for 14-34 days, depeneding on temperature. There are several generations a year in the greenhouse. Larvae of U. ferrugalis can be controlled in all stages with endosulfan (Thiodan), pirimiphosmethyl (Actellic) and mevinphos (Phosdrin), in the first and second stages, with propoxur (Unden VP) in the first to third, inclusive, with fenitrothion (Agriya 1070). Exposure to dichlorvos (Nogos 50 G at 15 ml/100 m3) causes complete mortality of adults and rfirst- and 40% of fourth- and fifth-stage larvae, respectively.?

v.23(8):19-21, RASTITELNA ZASHTITA

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