Preemergence and postemergence studies with rimsulfuron for the control of Solanum and other weed species in processing tomatoes
1997
SB608.T6M5
Details
Title
Preemergence and postemergence studies with rimsulfuron for the control of Solanum and other weed species in processing tomatoes
Contributor
Maciel, G.A. Book author
Lopes, G.M.B. Book author
Hayward, C. Book author
Mariano, R.R.L. Book author
Maranhao, E.A.de A. Book author
Lopes, G.M.B. Book author
Hayward, C. Book author
Mariano, R.R.L. Book author
Maranhao, E.A.de A. Book author
Meeting Name
International Conference on the Processing Tomato Recife, Pernambuco Nov 18-21, 1996 Brazil
International Symposium on Tropical Tomato Diseases Recife, Pernambuco Nov 21-22, 1996 Brazil
International Symposium on Tropical Tomato Diseases Recife, Pernambuco Nov 21-22, 1996 Brazil
Imprint
Alexandria, VA ASHS Press United States
Publication Date
1997
Description
p.63-66
Call Number
SB608.T6M5
Summary
In the past 3 years, research trials have examined preemergence and postemergence applications of rimsulfuron in processing tomatoes for the control of nightshade and other troublesome weed species. Rates in preemergence trials ranged form 0.009 to 0.070 kg/ha. Rimsulfuron was applied alone, compared to either napropamide or pebulate alone, compared to the combination of napropamide + pebulate, or combined with napropamide or pebulate or a combination of all three herbicides together in a 1995 Sacramenton Country study. Rimsulfuron was very good to excellent for the control of black nightshade (Solanum nigrum L.) in all treatments, as did the combination of napropamide + pebulate. All yields exceeded the hand-hoed control. The soil type at the UC Davis site was a sandy loam. The San Joaquin County preemergence trial, conducted near Brentwood, Calif., on a clay soil in 1995, compared rimsulfuron to dimethenamid and napropamide. In this trial, perhaps due to the heavier soil texture, only partial to moderate control of blcak nightshade was observed with rimsulfuron. Dimethenamid was good to execllent weed control, but caused a considerable retardation of tomato growth. The crop recovered and all the dimethenamid and almost all of the rimsulfuron treatments significantly produced higher yields (50.3 to 75.0 MT/ha) than either the napropamide treatment (41.5 MT/ha) or the untreated control (39.3 MT/ha). A 1995 postemergence study in San Joaquin County near Tracy, Calif., compared different surfactants with similar rates of rimsulfuron to determine if there was increased weed control efficacy as well as looking at surfactant safety to the tomato crop. Hairy nightshade (Solanum sarachoides Sendt.) control was execllent (91 percent to 100 percent) with rates of rimsulfuron and all three surfactants used. X-77 caused more crop vigor reduction, particularly at the highest rate of rimsulfuron used, than crop oil concentrate (COC) or SCOIL. All rimsulfuron treatments plus surfactant showed temporary (2 ro 3 weeks) yellowing of the tomato leaves. Pyridate was also evaluated in postemergence, but, while weed control was quite good, phytotoxicity to the tomato crop was moderate to severe. All of the rimsulfuron treatments outyielded (97.4 to 108.7 MT/ha) the untreated control (90.5 MT/ha). An experiment seeking to control dodder (Cuscuta spp.) in processing tomatoes with postemergence applications of rimsulfuron plus a surfactant was conducted in Sacramento Country near Walnut Grove, Calif., during the 1995 season. It was applied when the tomatoes were in the cotyledon growth stagew and dodder was attached to the crop as a single strand. Control with rimsulfuron was 95 percent to 100 percent. A split application of 0.021 kg/ha, 3 days later after the second application at 0.035 kg/ha, showed 100 percent dodder control. Some severe crop yellowing was observed, but plants recoverd in 3 weeks. A 1996 San Joaquin County study near Brentwood, Calif., attempted to suppress dodder with multiple applications of rimsulfuron + COC. The field was heavily infested with dodder, its tendrils extending 40 to 50 cm across the tomato beds; the crop plants were 20 to 25 cm tall; three sequential treatments spaced 10 to 12 days apart, at different rates (0.018 to 0.070 kg/ha), showed nearly 70 percent to 85 percent dodder suppression. Even though, the treatments did not control the dodder, they provided enough retardation of dodder growth to allow a tomato crop to be produced. Best yield (89.8 MT/ha) was recorded with the hand-weeded control. When three applications of rimsulfuron were sequentially made at different retes, yields (75.9 to 78.6 MT/ha) were much higher than the untreated control (33.9 MT/ha).[AS]
Book Title
Proceedings of the first international conference on the processing tomato and first international symposium on tropical tomato diseases
Contact Information
harvest@worldveg.org
Record Appears in
Research > Published Articles